Prevalencia de mancha blanca en dentición temporaria en el Hospital de Odontología Infantil Don Benito Quinquela Martín / Prevalence of white spot in temporary dentition at Don Benito Quinquela Martin Children's Dentistry Hospital

Introducción: La caries dental es una enfermedad infecciosa y multifactorial, que co- mienza por una desmineralización del esmalte producida por la acción de ácidos generados por bacterias presentes en el biofilm dental. Estas lesiones se inician como manchas blancas (MB) y es el único estadio de la caries dental capaz de ser revertido mediante la aplicación profesional de agentes remineralizantes, por lo que es fundamental la detección y tratamiento temprano de las mismas. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de manchas blancas en la dentición temporaria de los niños atendidos en el Servicio de Clínica y Orientación del Hospital de Odontología Infantil (HOI) «Don Benito Quinquela Martín¼. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluó una muestra de 94 niños con dentición temporaria, en el Servicio de Clínica y Orientación del HOI, teniendo en cuenta los ingresos y reingresos, durante el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2019 y febrero de 2020. Resultados: La prevalencia de manchas blancas de un total de 94 niños evaluados fue del 55 %. De los pacientes que presentaron MB, el 59 % fue de sexo masculino y el 41 % de sexo femenino. La media de edad fue de 4.77 años. De los pacientes atendidos, 73 concurrieron por primera vez y 21 pacientes fueron reingresos. Conclusión: La prevalencia de manchas blancas en la muestra evaluada de niños atendidos en el Servicio de Clínica y Orientación del HOI fue del 55 %. Este resultado sugiere la necesidad de continuar y potenciar la promoción de la salud bucal, no solo como herramienta estratégica para brindar conocimientos acerca de los beneficios de una correcta higiene oral y una dieta saludable, sino también como factor de prevención en cuanto a la aparición de lesiones de caries y posteriores consecuencias adversas (AU)

Introduction: Dental caries is an infectious and multifactorial disease that begins with the demineralization of the enamel produced by the action of acids generated by bacteria in the dental biofilm. These lesions start as white spots (WS), and it's the only stage of dental caries capable of being reverted by the professional application of remineralizing agents. Hence, its early detection and treatment are essential. Objective: To determine the prevalence of white spots in the temporary dentition of children treated at the Clinical and Orientation Service of "Don Benito Quinquela Martin" Children's Dentistry Hospital (CDH). Materials and methods: A sample of 94 children with temporary dentition was evaluated on admission and readmission at CDH's Clinical and Orientation Service between September 2019 and February 2020. Results: The prevalence of WS in 94 children evaluated was 55%: 59% of patients who presented WS were males, and 41% were females. The mean age was 4.77 years. Seventy-three patients seen attended for the first time, and the other 21 were readmissions. Conclusion: The prevalence of WS in children who attended CDH's Clinical and Orientation Service was relevant. This result indicates that we must continue and enhance oral health promotion as a strategy to give knowledge about good oral hygiene benefits, a healthy diet, and to prevent the appearance of caries lesions and subsequent consequences (AU)

Hipomineralización incisivo molar y factores etiológicos ambientales. Revisión de la literatura / Molar incisor hypomineralization and etiological environmental factors. Review of the literature

La etiología de la hipomineralización incisivo-molar (HIM) aún no está totalmente definida, por lo que el objetivo del presente artículo fue hacer una revisión de la literatura de los posibles factores etiológicos asociados. Se realizó una búsqueda inicial en las bases de datos Elsevier, EBSCO, PubMed y Medline usando las siguientes palabras clave: molar incisor hypomineralisation, hypoplasia, dental enamel defects epidemiology, etiology. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español, estudios epidemiológicos de casos y controles de HIM, descripción del método de diagnóstico y registro, y descripción del factor asociado, publicados entre 1987 y 2018. Tomando en consideración 40 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de búsqueda. Se dividieron los factores etiológicos encontrados en tres etapas: prenatal, perinatal y posnatal. La causa exacta aún no está del todo definida, pero con base en los estudios tenemos indicios que nos podrían ayudar a prevenir este tipo de defectos. Sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios longitudinales para poder determinar la etiología exacta de esta alteración en la formación dental, mientras tanto los médicos pediatras y odontopediatras deben estar conscientes que el manejo temprano y adecuado de estas del HIM es importante. (AU)

The etiology of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is not yet fully defined, therefore the objective of this article was to review the literature on the possible associated etiological factors. An initial search was performed in the Elsevier, EBSCO, PubMed and Medline databases using the following keywords: molar incisor hypomineralization, hypoplasia, dental enamel defects epidemiology, and etiology. Articles in English and Spanish were included as well as epidemiological studies of cases and controls of MIH, descriptions of the method of diagnosis and registration, and descriptions of associated factors published between 1987 and 2018. Forty articles met the search criteria. The etiological factors found were divided into three stages: prenatal, perinatal and postnatal. While the cause of MIH has yet to be fully defined, the studies available describe indications to help prevent this type of defects. Nonetheless, more longitudinal studies are necessary to determine the exact etiology of this alteration, and pediatricians and pediatric dentists should take into account the importance of early, adequate management of MIH. (AU)

Hipomineralização molar-incisivo: prevalência, fatores associados e impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de escolares / Molar-incisor hypomineralization: prevalence, associated factors and impact on quality of life related to the oral health of school children

Hipomineralização molar-incisivo (HMI) corresponde ao defeito de desenvolvimento do esmalte que pode causar sensibilidade nos dentes e rápida progressão da cárie. Essas condições podem ocasionar dor e afetar a qualidade de vida. Problemas de saúde bucal impactam na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB). Desta forma, os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar a prevalência, fatores associados com HMI e seu impacto na QVRSB de escolares. Este foi um estudo transversal de base populacional. A amostra foi estratificada e aleatória, constituída por 1202 escolares de 8 a 10 anos de Teresina, Brasil. Os escolares foram avaliados para diagnóstico de HMI (EAPD), experiência de cárie (CPO-D), consequências clínicas de cárie não tratada (PUFA), necessidade de tratamento para o dente com HMI e má oclusão (DAI). O impacto da condição bucal na QVRSB foi avaliado por meio das versões brasileiras dos instrumentos Child Perceptions Questionnaire (B-CPQ8-10) e Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (B-P-CPQ) versão curta. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados, testes Qui-Quadrado e Mann-Whitney. Análise de Cluster foi realizada para dicotomizar a variável impacto negativo na QVRSB em alto e baixo impacto. A Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta foi realizada para análise multivariada com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC 95%). Variáveis com p<0,20 foram utilizadas para modelo final e considerou-se p¿0,05 como significativo. A prevalência de HMI encontrada foi de 15,5%. Os molares inferiores foram os mais afetados pela severidade grave (60,6%). Na análise multivariada, observou-se que escolares com HMI fora associados a maior prevalência de sensibilidade dentinária (RP=1,25; IC95%:1,18-1,33) e experiência de cárie (RP=1,09; IC95%:1,03-1,15) que os escolares sem HMI. Com ele, também se demonstrou que crianças com HMI moderada estiveram associadas a maior prevalência de impacto negativo na QVRSB nos domínios sintomas orais (RP=1,20; IC95%:1,07-1,36) que crianças sem HMI. Pais de crianças com HMI grave e moderada estiveram associados a maior prevalência de relato do impacto negativo nos domínios limitação funcional (RP=1,16; IC95%:1,06-1,26) e bem-estar (RP=1,16; IC95%:1,01-1,34), respectivamente, que pais de crianças sem HMI. Assim, pode-se concluir que prevalência de HMI foi elevada. Crianças com HMI foram associados a maior prevalência de experiência de cárie dentária e sensibilidade dentinária. Crianças com HMI leve, moderada e severa foram associadas a maior prevalência de impacto negativo na QVRSB de acordo com seus pais e o autorrelato

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) corresponds to the development defect of the enamel that can cause teeth sensitivity in the teeth and rapid progression of caries. These conditions can cause pain and affect the quality of life. Oral health problems have an impact on oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL). Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, factors associated with MIH and their impact on the OHRQoL of schoolchildren. This was a cross-sectional population-based study. A sample was evaluated and randomized, consisting of 1202 achoolchildren from 8 to 10 years of Teresina, Brasil. The students were instructed to disgnose MIH (EAPD), caries experience (DMF-T), clinical consequences of untreadcaries (PUFA), need for treatment for the tooth with MIH and malocclusion...

Impacto de la hipomineralización incisivo molar en la experiencia de caries en escolares de 6-12 años en Santiago, Chile / Molar incisor hypomineralisation and its impact on caries experienced by 6-12 year-old schoolchildren from Santiago, Chile

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las consecuencias clínicas expresadas en índices COPD y ceod y su relación con la presencia de hipomineralización incisivo molar (HIM) en una población de escolares de 6 a 12 años de la provincia de Santiago. Método: Este estudio de corte transversal fue realizado en 851 escolares de 6 a 12 años de la provincia de Santiago, quienes fueron evaluados por 2 dentistas calibrados. Con consentimiento de los tutores legales, los escolares fueron examinados, y se utilizaron los criterios diagnósticos para HIM de la Academia Europea de Odontopediatría (EAPD). La historia de caries fue determinada con COPD/ceod de acuerdo a los criterios de la OMS. Los datos fueron recolectados en una ficha especialmente diseñada para esto. Los datos fueron analizados con test «t¼ para muestras individuales (considerando p < 0,05). Resultados: Los escolares afectados por HIM tuvieron una media de COPD de 0,91 (±1,21) y una media de ceod de 1,98 (±2,48), el cual fue mayor que el COPD y ceod de escolares sin HIM (0,41 [±0,95] y 1,34 [±2,15] respectivamente). La diferencia entre ambos grupos fue estadísticamente significativa para COPD (p < 0,000) y ceod (p = 0,002). Conclusiones: Escolares de la provincia de Santiago de 6 a 12 años afectados con HIM presentaron mayor COPD/ceod que escolares sin HIM.

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical consequences, expressed in DMFT and dmft, and their relationship with Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) in a population of schoolchildren of 6 to 12 years old in the Santiago Province. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 851 schoolchildren between 6-12 years old from the Santiago Province were examined by two calibrated examiners. With informed consent from their parents, the schoolchildren were examined, and the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) diagnostic criteria was used for MIH detection. Caries history was assessed with the DMFT/dmft score according to WHO criteria. Data was collected with a form specially designed for this study. Data was analysed using Student's t-test for individual samples and a post-hoc Bonferroni (P < .05). Results: The mean DMFT score in the MIH-affected schoolchildren was 0.91 (±1.21), with a mean dmft score of 1.98 (±2.48), which were greater than the scores in the non-MIH affected schoolchildren (mean DMFT score 0.41 [±0.95] and mean dmft 1.34 [±2.15]). The differences between DMFT and dmft scores in the two groups were statistically significant (P < .000 and P = .002, respectively). Conclusions: Schoolchildren of Santiago Province of 6-12 year old diagnosed with MIH had higher DMFT/dmft scores compared to schoolchildren not affected with MIH.

Impact of hypomineralized teeth and sociobehavioral aspects on caries development: a prospective cohort study

Aim: This prospective cohort study was to evaluate the independent and mutual effects of socioeconomic, oral health behaviors and individual clinical factors, including enamelhypomineralization, as possible risk factors for increase in caries experience in second primarymolar (SPM) over a period of 2-years. Methods: Children (n=216) aged 4-6 years were examined for hypomineralized second primary molar (HSPM) and dental caries in school settingsand were recalled every 6 months. The caregivers filled out a semi-structured questionnaireabout their socio-demographic and oral health-related behaviors. Data analysis was performedusing a hierarchical model with three levels. Multiple analyses were performed at each level andvariables with p<0.20 were tested by stepwise multiple Generalized Estimating Equation. Results:At final examination, 33.3% of the children had developed new caries lesions in SPM. The modelshowed that the number of years of mother’s schooling and the caregiver´s perception about theirchildren’s caries experience played a protective role in the incidence of dental caries. Children who had white spot lesions were more likely to develop new carious lesions in SPM. Childrenwith HSPM showed no higher incidence of caries in their SPM than those without HSPM.Conclusions: Clinical, socioeconomic and behavioral factors impacted on caries developmentin primary second molars. However, further studies are required to better understand the role ofHSPM in caries development in other age groups.

Distinguishing predisposing factors for enamel hypoplasia and molar-incisor hypomineralization in children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Aim: To determine if the prevalence of enamel hypoplasia, molar-incisor hypomineralisation(MIH) and deciduous molar hypomineralisation (DMH) is associated with the socioeconomicstatus of the child and to determine the prevalence of enamel hypoplasia and MIH/DMH comorbidityin the study population. Methods: Information was collected on the sex andsocioeconomic status of the 1,169 study participants’ resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, recruited througha household survey. The children were clinically examined to assess for the presence of enamelhypoplasia, MIH and DMH. Associations between sex, socioeconomic status and the prevalenceof enamel hypoplasia, MIH and DMH were determined. The proportion of children with enamelhypoplasia and MIH/DMH co-morbidity was also determined. Results: Among the 1,169 studyparticipants, 47(4.0%) had MIH, 15 (1.3%) had DMH and 161 (13.8%) had enamel hypoplasia. One (0.09%) study participant had MIH/DMH co-morbidity, 12 (1.0%) had DMH/enamel hypoplasiaco-morbidity, and 9 (0.8%) had MIH/hypoplasia co-morbidity. There was no significant associationbetween the socioeconomic status and presence of enamel hypoplasia (p=0.22), MIH (p=0.78) orDMH (p=1.00). Conclusions: The socioeconomic status cannot be used as a distinguishing factorfor enamel hypoplasia, MIH and DMH. The possibility of co-existence of enamel hypoplasia andMIH/DMH makes it imperative to find ways to distinguish between the lesions.

Prevalência de hipomineralização molar-incisivo e fatores associados em escolares de um município do sudeste brasileiro / Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization and associated factors among schoolchildren from a city in southeastern Brazil

Estudos no mundo todo têm investigado os potenciais fatores envolvidos na ocorrência da hipomineralização molar-incisivo (HMI), porém os resultados relatados são variados e inconclusivos. Desta forma, os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar a prevalência de HMI em um grupo de escolares de oito e nove anos de idade e investigar os possíveis fatores associados. Um estudo transversal foi realizado com uma amostra de base populacional. A amostra aleatória, estratificada entre escolas públicas e privadas, foi composta por 1.181 escolares residentes em Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Previamente ao estudo principal, um estudo piloto foi desenvolvido para testar a metodologia. Os dados foram coletados através de exame clínico e questionários autoaplicáveis respondidos pelas mães. As mães responderam a um questionário autoaplicável contendo questões abrangendo características pré-natais, perinatais e saúde da criança nos quatro primeiros anos de vida e a outro sobre características socioeconômicas e demográficas. A HMI foi diagnosticada a partir dos critérios da Academia Europeia de Odontopediatria. Por meio do exame bucal, avaliou-se também a cárie dentária nas dentições decídua e permanente, de acordo com as recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) e os defeitos de desenvolvimento de esmalte (DDE) nos segundos molares decíduos utilizando o Developmental Defects of enamel Index (DDE index). Os exames bucais foram realizados por um único examinador previamente calibrado. A análise estatística incluiu descrição dos dados, testes bivariados e modelos de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta (p<0.05, IC95%). Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CAAE 10659812.0.0000.5149). A prevalência de HMI foi de 20,4%. Observou-se maior frequência de HMI entre as crianças com cárie na dentição permanente (RP: 2,67; IC95%: 1,98-3,61), DDE nos segundos molares decíduos (RP: 2,54; IC95%: 1,87- 3,45) e que tiveram asma e/ou bronquite até os quatro anos de idade (RP: 1,93; IC95%: 1,45-2,56). Conclui-se que a prevalência de HMI foi alta na amostra estudada. A HMI foi mais frequente em crianças com experiência de cárie na dentição permanente, com presença de DDE nos segundos molares decíduos e 10 naquelas que tiveram asma e/ou bronquite até os quatro anos de idade, mesmo após controle para os fatores potencialmente associados

Although studies worldwide have investigated potential factors involved in the occurrence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), the findings are varied and inconclusive. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and investigate the factors associated with the occurence of molar incisor hypomineralization in a group of schoolchildren aged eight and nine years. A crosssectional study was conducted with a population-based sample. The random sample, stratified between public and private schools, consisted of 1181 children residents in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Prior to the main study, a pilot study was carried out to test the methodology. Data were collected via clinical examination and selfadministered questionnaires completed by mothers. Mothers completed a selfadministered questionnaire with questions on prenatal, perinatal and postnatal aspects, and another questionnaire on socioeconomic and demographic aspects. MIH was diagnosed using the criteria of the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. During the clinical examination, the presence of caries in permanent and primary dentitions, according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in the second primary molars using the Developmental Defects of enamel Index (DDE index) also were evaluated. Oral examinations were performed by a single examiner who had undergone a training exercise. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, bivariate tests and Poisson regression with robust variance (p<0.05, IC95%). This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil (CAAE 10659812.0.0000.5149).The prevalence of MIH was 20.4%. MIH was more frequent among children with dental caries in permanent dentition (PR: 2,67; 95%CI: 1,98-3,61); those with DDE on the primary second molars (PR: 2,54; 95%CI: 1,87- 3,45) and those who experienced asthma and/or bronchitis in the first 4 years of life (PR: 1,93; 95%CI: 1,45-2,56). In conclusion, the prevalence of MIH was high in the present sample. The occurrence of MIH was more frequent in children with caries experience in the permanent dentition, those with enamel defects on primary second 12 molars and those who had asthma experience in the first four years of life, even after controlling for potential confounding factors

Prevalencia de hipomineralización molar incisiva en niños con y sin demanda de atención / Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization among children with and without demand for dental care

Comparar la prevalencia de MIH en niños con y sin demanda de atención odontológica en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Se evaluaron 704 niños que demandaron atención en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires y en dos escuelas públicas. Fueron incluidos quienes presentaban erupcionados los cuatro primeros molares y los ocho incisivos permanentes, conformándose dos grupos: A con demanda de atención n=461; B: sin demanda de atención n=243, registrando piezas afectadas y severidad de las lesiones. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados estadísticamente. Resultados: la prevalencia fue 13.92 por ciento. En A fue de 7.59 por ciento y en B de 25.92 por ciento P<0,0001. En los pacientes con MIH se encontraron afectados el 85 por ciento y 78.57 por ciento de los molares, y el 31.42 por ciento y 66.46 por ciento de incisivos para A y B respectivamente. El 31.43 por ciento de los molares afectados de A y el 57.14 por ciento de los de B presentaban lesiones leves P=0.01. Conclusión: los niños que concurrieron espontáneamente por demanda de atención mostraron menor prevalencia de MIH, pero con mayor severidad.

Prevalencia de la Hipomineralización Molar-Incisiva (MIH) en niños con diferente cobertura asistencial (privada y pública) en Montevideo, Uruguay / Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hipomineralization (MIH) in children with different health care coverage (private and public) at Montevideo, Uruguay

Objetivos: conocer la prevalencia de Hipomineralización Molar Incisiva (MIH) en Montevideo, Uruguay; relacionar la prevalencia de MIH con: edad, género, año de nacimiento y diferente cobertura asistencial (pública y privada). Se diseñó un estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo con el total de niños asistidos entre julio-diciembre 2010 en la Cátedra de Odontopediatría, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la República y en dos consultorios privados en Montevideo (626), nacidos entre 1993-2003 y con los 4 primeros molares e incisivos permanentes erupcionados. El diagnóstico clínico lo realizaron examinadores calibrados (Kappa intra 100%; inter 0.99, 0.98 y 0.90). La prevalencia de MIH fue de 11.8%, con una diferencia significativa entre sector público y privado y con una alta correlación positiva entre presencia de MIH y año de nacimiento (p<0.0001). Los resultados confirmaron que: 1) MIH es una patología frecuente 2) la prevalencia de MIH a nivel privado es superior 3) es necesario estudios con muestras de mayor tamaño.

Objectives: To know the prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hipomineralization (MIH) in Montevideo, Uruguay; to study the relationship between the prevalence of MIH and: age, gender, year of birth and different health care coverage (private and public). A transversal, observational and descriptive study was designed with the total of the children that were assisted between July and December 2010 in the Pediatric Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República and in two private dentist offices in Montevideo (626), born between 1993 - 2003 and with the first four molars and permanent incisives erupted. The clinical diagnosis was done by calibrated examiners (100% kappa intra, 0.99, 0.98 and 0.90 inter). MIH prevalence was 11.8%, with a significant difference between public and private sector and with a high positive correlation between the presence of MIH and year of birth (p<0.0001). The results confirmed that: 1) MIH is a frequent pathology 2) The prevalence of MIH is higher in the private sector 3) Studies with bigger samples are necessary.

Frecuencia y severidad de la hipomineralización molar incisal en pacientes atendidos en las clínicas odontológicas de la Universidad de La Frontera, Chile / Frequency and Severity of the Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Patients Treated at the Dental Clinic of the Universidad de La Frontera, Chile

La Hipomineralización Molar Incisal (MIH) es una alteración del desarrollo dentario, que estaría asociada a causas de origen sistémico, e involucra al menos uno o más primeros molares permanentes, pudiendo estar comprometidos los incisivos. La prevalencia de este síndrome varía en la literatura entre 2,5 a 40 por ciento en la población infantil mundial. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia y grado de severidad de MIH entre los pacientes atendidos en la Clínica de Odontopediatría de pregrado y postgrado de la Universidad de La Frontera y los posibles factores asociados. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 334 niños entre 6 y 13 años de edad. El examen fue realizado por 2 examinadores en las clínicas de la Universidad de la Frontera. Se estableció el diagnóstico, de acuerdo a los criterios establecidos por Weerheijm et al. (2003) y la severidad según a los criterios propuestos por Mathu-Muju & Wright (2006). La prevalencia encontrada correspondió a 16,8 por ciento. De estos, el 57 por ciento mostró signos severos de MIH, el 20 por ciento signos moderados y 23 por ciento signos leves. No hubo diferencias significativas por sexo y edad respecto a la presencia de MIH o su severidad. El 87 por ciento de los afectados reportó antecedentes mórbidos en el período comprendido desde el preparto hasta la primera infancia. Esta patología presenta alta prevalencia en los pacientes muestreados, comparable a la establecida en estudios realizados a nivel mundial.

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a tooth development disorder, which would be associated with systemic causes, and involves at least one or more first permanent molars, incisors may be compromised. The prevalence of this syndrome varies in literature between 2.5 to 40 percent of the world's children. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and severity of MIH between patients attended at the Graduate Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of the Universidad de La Frontera and the possible associated factors. We conducted a descriptive study of 334 children between 6 and 13 years of age. The review was conducted by 2 examiners at the Universidad de La Frontera. The diagnosis, according to the criteria established by Weerheijm et al (2003) and severity according to the criteria proposed by Mathu-Muju & Wright (2006). The prevalence found corresponded to 16.8 percent. Of these, 57 percent showed severe signs of MIH, 20 percent and 23 percent moderate and mild signs respectively. No significant differences by sex and age for the presence of MIH or its severity. 87 percent of those affected reported morbid history in the period from pre-early childhood. This disorder has high prevalence in patients sampled, comparable to that established in studies worldwide.

Prevalencia de hipomineralización inciso-molar en niños nacidos en diferentes lugares de la República Argentina / Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization in children born in different places of the Argentine Republic

En el año 2003 fue aceptada la terminología hipomineralización inciso-molar (HIM) por la Academia Europea de Odontopediatría, para definir esta patología de etiología aún desconocida que afecta a los primeros molares permanentes y en ocasiones a los incisivos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estimar la prevalencia de HIM en niños de diferentes regiones de la República Argentina, asociando posibles factores ante su aparición. Materiales y métodos: fueron examinados 411 niños de ambos secos con edades entre 7 y 13 años (media= 9.66 +-1.5) en centros odontológicos de diferentes localidades argentinas. Se registraron datos relacionados con su aparición, gravedad y severidad. Se analizó estadísticamente asociación y correlación. Resultados: la prevalencia de HIM fue 25,1 por ciento en molares y 18,7 por ciento en molares e incisivos. Se encontró asociación significativa entre antibiótico administrados durante el embarazo e HIM y entre otitis padeciad por los niños e HIM. Conclusión: el alto porcentaje hallado en este trabajo determina que la HIM es una patología que se encuentra presente en nuestro país.

Hipomineralização molar-incisivo / Molar incisor hypomineralization

A hipomineralização-molar incisivo (HMI) é um defeito de origem sistêmica no esmalte dentário de primeiros molares e incisivos permanentes. Nesta condição, o esmalte hipomineralizado é frágil e pode se destacar facilmente, deixando a dentina exposta e causando, assim, problemas como sensibilidade dentária e maior risco ao estabelecimento de lesões de cárie. A HMI é freqüentemente confundida com fluorose ou amelogênese imperfeita e sua prevalência varia de 3,6 a 25%. Vários fatores etiológicos são citados para a condição e estão freqüentemente relacionados com doenças na infância nos primeiros três anos de vida. O tratamento envolve desde a restauração dos dentes afetados com materiais adesivos ou até mesmo a extração dos mesmos, dependendo da severidade do caso.

Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a hypomineralization of systemic origin of first permanent molars and incisors. In this condition, hipomineralized dental enamel is fragile and soft and can break easily, leading the dentin exposed and causing problems like dental sensitivity and progression of caries lesions. MIH is frequently misinterpreted as fluorosis or amelogenesis imperfecta and the prevalence ranges from 3,6 to 25%. Several aetiological factors are mentioned as the cause of the condition and they are frequently associated with childhood diseases during the first three years of life. The treatment includes the use of adhesive materials for restorative procedures, or even the extraction of the teeth, according to the severity of the case.

Condiciones relacionadas con caries del biberón en 110 niños de una comunidad de Ciudad Bolívar / Nursing-bottle syndrome related conditions in 110 children from a community of Ciudad Bolivar

Se realizó un estudio de tipo no experimental descriptivo, para evaluar la presencia de factores de riesgo de caries de biberón en dos grupos, unos con caries y otro sin caries, en una comunidad de nivel socioeconómico bajo de Ciudad Bolívar. La muestra consistió en 110 niños: 55 afectados por caries de biberón y 55 no afectados, a cuyos padres se les realizó una encuesta de 10 preguntas acerca de hábitos de higiene bucal y primera visita al odontólogo, prácticas alimenticias y constitución familiar. Se analizó si las diferencias eran estadísticamente significativas mediante las pruebas de Chi y U de Mann-Whitney. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las preguntas concernientes a edad de inicio de medidas de higiene bucal, primera visita al odontólogo y niños que dormían con el biberón en la boca. Se observaron diferencias no significativas en cuanto a personas que realizaban el cepillado y edad hasta la cual los niños consumieron biberón. Por último, se encontraron similitudes entre los dos grupos en cuanto a: número de veces que se cepillaban los niños, contenido del biberón y posición del niño dentro de los hermanos de la familia (p<0.05)